Cytotoxic effects of different self-adhesive resin cements: Cell viability and induction of apoptosis
Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics. 2020;12(2):89-99.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE. The effects of four different self-adhesive resin cement materials on cell viability and apoptosis after direct and indirect exposure were evaluated using different cell culture techniques.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. Self-adhesive cements were applied to NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts by the extract test method, cell culture inserts, and dentin barrier test method. After exposure periods of 24 h and 72 h, the cytotoxicity of these self-adhesive materials was evaluated using the MTT assay (viability) and the Annexin-V-FITC/PI staining (apoptosis).
RESULTS. The lowest cell viability was found in cells exposed to BeautiCem SA for 24 h in the extract test method. Cell viability was reduced to 70.6% compared to negative controls. After the 72 h exposure period, viability rate of cell cultures exposed to BeautiCem SA decreased more than 2-fold (29.5%) while cells exposed to RelyX U200 showed the highest viability rate of 71.4%. In the dentin barrier test method, BeautiCem SA induced the highest number of cells in apoptosis after a 24 h exposure (4.1%). Panavia SA Cement Plus was the material that caused the lowest number of cells in apoptosis (1.5%).
CONCLUSION. The used self-adhesive cements have showed different cytotoxic effects based on the evaluation method. As exposure time increased, the materials showed more cytotoxic and apoptotic effects. BeautiCem SA caused significantly more severe cytotoxic and apoptotic effects than other cements tested. Moreover, cements other than BeautiCem SA have caused necrotic cell death rather than apoptotic cell death.
KEYWORDS
Apoptosis · Biocompatibility · Cell culture · Cytotoxicity · Self-adhesive resin cements
STUDY SUMMARY
This cell-culture study exposed mouse fibroblasts to four self-adhesive resin cements using extract, cell culture insert and dentin barrier methods, measuring viability by MTT assay and apoptosis by Annexin-V-FITC/PI staining after 24 and 72 hours. Cytotoxic effects differed by material and by test method and increased with exposure time; one cement reduced viability to 29.5% at 72 hours and induced the most apoptosis, while another retained the highest viability. In the materials other than that cement, cell death occurred mainly by necrosis rather than apoptosis under these laboratory conditions.