Silane-Containing Self-Adhesive Resin Cement vs. Conventional Strategies in Fiber Post Application: A Push-Out Bond Strength and Failure Mode Study
Applied Sciences (Switzerland). 2026;16(1):57.
ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the push-out bond strength (PBS) and failure modes of fiber posts cemented with silane-containing self-adhesive resin cement (SARC) compared with conventional SARC and universal adhesive strategies, considering the effects of root section and aging. Ninety single-rooted human premolars were equally assigned to three cementation protocols: silane-containing SARC (PANAVIA SA Cement Universal), conventional SARC (RelyX Universal), and universal adhesive plus SARC (Scotchbond Universal Plus + RelyX Universal). Each group was divided into two aging subgroups: 24 h water storage and thermal cycling (10,000 cycles between 5 °C and 55 °C, 30 s dwell time; n = 15). After root canal treatment and post space preparation, glass fiber posts were cemented, and each root was sectioned to obtain six slices. PBS was measured using a push-out test, and failure modes were examined under stereomicroscopy. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA, post hoc tests, Spearman's correlation, and logistic regression (α = 0.05). Cement type, root section, and aging significantly influenced PBS (p < 0.001). PBS decreased from coronal to apical sections, and thermal cycling reduced PBS in all groups. The universal adhesive plus SARC achieved the highest PBS, while conventional SARC had the lowest PBS. Cement-dentin adhesive failures (FM2) predominated overall, with proportions varying between 43% and 90%, and higher PBS values were associated with fewer FM2 failures. The combination of a universal adhesive with SARC provided superior bonding compared to simplified protocols. Although silane-containing SARC improved bonding relative to conventional SARC, durable adhesion to radicular dentin remains challenging, particularly in apical regions.
KEYWORDS
dental bonding · fiber posts · resin cements · push-out bond strength · dental failure analysis
STUDY SUMMARY
This laboratory study on 90 extracted single-rooted human premolars compared three cementation protocols for glass fiber posts, measuring push-out bond strength by root section after 24 hours of water storage or 10,000 thermal cycles. Bond strength was significantly affected by cement type, root section and aging: values decreased from the coronal to the apical third, thermal cycling reduced them in every group, and the universal adhesive combined with self-adhesive resin cement gave the highest values while conventional self-adhesive cement gave the lowest. Cement-dentin adhesive failures predominated, and higher bond strengths were associated with fewer such failures.