Biocompatibility and osteo/odontogenic potential of various bioactive root-end filling materials
Applied Sciences. 2023;13(22):1-11.
ABSTRACT
This in vitro study aimed to investigate if different bioactive root-end filling materials can promote osteo/odontogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and support their viability. MSCs from porcine tooth germs were isolated. Cells were exposed to extracts from MTA Angelus, BIOfactor MTA, Medcem MTA, Well-Root ST, and Pure Portland Cement for 7 days. Viability was determined with MTS and live/dead assay. Osteo/odontogenic differentiation was evaluated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and quantitative real-time PCR (RUNX2, DMP-1, and DSPP genes) which were compared with osteo/odontogenic-induced MSCs and non-treated cells. All the tested materials supported cell proliferation and cells maintained their viability after 7 days. Osteo/odontogenic differentiation of MSCs was promoted by the tested materials in varying levels as demonstrated by increased ALP activity and upregulation of related gene markers in comparison to the control group. Pure Portland Cement demonstrated a continuous high ALP activity on day 7, showing the highest value among all materials and significantly increased in comparison to the control group (p < 0.001). Significant RUNX2 expression and high ALP activity (p < 0.001) similar to that of osteogenically induced cells was detected for Pure Portland Cement after 7 days. Tested MTA-based cement materials are biocompatible and induce osteo/odontogenic differentiation in vitro. MTA materials performed similarly to Pure Portland Cement regarding osteo/odontogenic differentiation.
KEYWORDS
dental stem cells · MTA · osteo/odontogenic differentiation · Portland cement
STUDY SUMMARY
This in vitro study exposed mesenchymal stem cells isolated from porcine tooth germs to extracts of five bioactive root-end filling materials for seven days, assessing viability and osteo/odontogenic differentiation through alkaline phosphatase activity and RUNX2, DMP-1 and DSPP gene expression. All materials supported cell proliferation and viability, and all promoted differentiation to varying degrees compared with untreated controls, with Pure Portland Cement showing the highest alkaline phosphatase activity at day 7. Within this cell-culture model the MTA-based cements performed similarly to Pure Portland Cement.